Pronostic des nouveau-nés de faible poids de naissance dans l’unité de néonatologie du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Tengandogo (Burkina Faso)
Mots-clés :
Low birth weight, neonatal mortality, risk factors, Burkina Faso.Résumé
Objective: To describe the epidemiological, clinical, therapeutic, and outcome characteristics of low birth weight (LBW) newborns hospitalized at Tengandogo University Hospital. Methodology: This was a descriptive and analytical cross‑sectional study with prospective data collection, conducted from May 1 to September 30, 2025, in the neonatology unit of CHU‑T. All LBW newborns admitted during the study period were included with parental consent.
Results: Of the 227 hospitalized newborns, 131 had LBW (57.7%), of whom 117 were included. The mean maternal age was 26.9 years, and paucigravidas accounted for 39.3%. Most mothers had inadequate antenatal care. The newborns were mainly preterm and growth‑restricted (88%), with a mean birth weight of 1456 g. Respiratory distress was the leading reason for admission (76.9%). Associated conditions were dominated by neonatal infection (94.9%) and hyaline membrane disease (68.4%). Mortality was high (49.6%), occurring mainly during the first week of life. Independent factors associated with mortality were birth weight < 1000 g (OR = 8.6; p = 0.015), twin pregnancy (OR = 3.3; p = 0.033), and absence of oral feeding (OR = 384.8; p < 0.001).
Conclusion: LBW is frequent at CHU‑T and its prognosis remains poor. Strengthening antenatal care, improving nutritional management, and equipping neonatology units with appropriate technologies are essential to reduce mortality.
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