A rare case of bilateral congenital pulmonary airway malformation
Keywords:
Congenital pulmonary airway malformation, CPAM, congenital diaphragmatic hernia, respiratory distress, pneumoniaAbstract
Congenital Pulmonary Airway Malformation (CPAM) is a rare yet common lung malformation. It can present with respiratory distress at birth or may remain asymptomatic until early childhood. Its incidence in Sub Saharan Africa is not known. We present a 14-day-old male infant, who was referred with a suspected congenital diaphragmatic hernia based on a chest Xray. He exhibited severe respiratory distress, and the initial X-ray showed bilateral air-fluid cavities. Intraoperatively, the diaphragm was intact. A subsequent chest computerized tomography (CT) revealed multiple bilateral cystic lesions consistent with CPAM. Despite supportive care, the baby unfortunately succumbed on day 38 of life. Emphasis should be placed on enhancing antenatal ultrasound skills to detect anomalies early, allowing for timely intervention. Additionally, we advise a CT/MRI scan when a diaphragmatic hernia is suspected on chest X-ray, as this can help rule out other congenital malformations and potentially avoid unnecessary surgery.
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